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Gaius Calvisius Sabinus (consul 39 BC)
:''For others with a similar name, see Calvisii Sabini.''
Gaius Calvisius Sabinus was a consul of the Roman Republic in 39 BC under the Second Triumvirate. He and his consular colleague Lucius Marcius Censorinus had been the only two senators who tried to defend Julius Caesar when his assassins struck on 15 March 44 BC,〔Nicolaus of Damascus, ''Vita Caesaris'' 26 (Greek text with Latin translation by (Müller )); Ronald Syme, ''Sallust'' (University of California Press, 1964), p. 228 (online, ) ''The Roman Revolution'' (Oxford University Press, 1939, 2002), p. 221 (online ), and ''The Augustan Aristocracy'' (Oxford University Press, 1986), p. 33; Anthony Everitt, ''Augustus'' (Random House, 2007), p. 127 (online ); T. Rice Holmes, ''The Roman Republic and the Founder of the Empire'' (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1928), p. 344 (online. )〕 and their consulship under the triumvirate is taken as a recognition of their loyalty.〔Ronald Syme, ''The Augustan Aristocracy'' (Oxford University Press, 1986), p. 33 (online. )〕 An inscription, described by Ronald Syme as "one of the most remarkable inscriptions ever set up in honour of a Roman senator," praises Calvisius for ''pietas'', his sense of duty or devotion.〔Syme, ''Sallust'', p. 228, note 51, and "Senators, Tribes and Towns," ''Historia'' 13 (1964), p. 113. Syme rejects attempts to identify the inscriptional Calvisius as the son or grandson of the consul of 39 BC.〕 As a military officer, Calvisius is notable for his long service and competence, though he was not without serious defeats.〔Syme, ''Augustan Aristocracy'', pp. 33, 87, and 95 (online. )〕
==Family, origin, and affiliations==
Gaius Calvisius Sabinus is the only member of the ''gens Calvisia'' listed in Broughton's ''Magistrates of the Roman Republic'' as holding office during the Republican era.〔Unless otherwise noted, dates, offices, and citations of ancient sources are from T.R.S. Broughton, ''The Magistrates of the Roman Republic'' (American Philological Society, 1952), vol. 2, pp. 280, 295, 308, 327, 386, 392, 401, 407, 421, 552; vol. 3 (1986), pp. 48–49. Broughton ends the Republic with 31 BC.〕 He is one several ''novi homines'' ("new men") who achieved not only the consulship but triumphal honors during the 30s BC.〔Syme, ''Augustan Aristocracy'' p. 34.〕 He is the first consul whose ''nomen gentilicium'' has the non-Latin ending ''-isius''.〔Ronald Syme, ''Roman Revolution'', p. 200 (online. )〕 The ethnic ''cognomen'' Sabinus ("Sabine") is found with the ''nomen'' Calvisius for the first time in his name, but inscriptions point toward a probable origin in the Latin colony of Spoletium (Spoleto). He belonged to the voting tribe Horatia.〔Susan Treggiari, "Social Status and Social Legislation," in ''Cambridge Ancient History'' (Cambridge University Press, 1996, reprinted 2004), vol. 10, p. 882 (online ); T.P. Wiseman, ''New Men in the Roman Senate'' (Oxford University Press, 1971), p. 221; Syme, "Senators, Tribes and Towns," pp. 109, 113, and ''Sallust'' pp. 38 (online ), 228.〕
His son and grandson, both of whom carried the same name, were consuls, the son in 4 B.C. under Augustus, toward whom the father had demonstrated consistent loyalty.〔Syme, ''Augustan Aristocracy'' p. 87.〕 The grandson held the office under Tiberius and continued his political career as a Roman governor under Caligula, but maintaining loyalty had become a trickier matter: he and his wife, a Cornelia, were accused of conspiring against the emperor and committed suicide.
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